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Internet Message Format | 1999-09-17 | 35KB

From: Jeroen Scheerder <js@xs4all.nl> Newsgroups: news.software.readers,comp.os.msdos.mail-news,comp.os.os2.mail-news ,alt.usenet.offline-reader,alt.answers,comp.answers,news.answers Subject: Minimally Adequate Net-Keeping Seal of Approval (MANKSA) for Usenet So ftware Followup-To: news.software.readers Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU Summary: Guidelines for writers of Usenet reading and posting programs. If you follow these guidelines, you'll make your users and the rest of the Usenet community much happier. Archive-name: usenet/software/minimal-netkeeping Posting-Frequency: monthly (first Sunday) Last-modified: 1997/09/15 Version: 1.1 URL: <http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Ejs/manksa/> Maintainer: Jeroen Scheerder <js@xs4all.nl> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- MANKSA * The Minimally Adequate Net-Keeping Seal of Approval ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ There's a general perception that Usenet is becoming "noisier" the more people join it. There are more blank articles, more mangled headers, more "me too" responses accompanying many lines of quoted text, more followup postings to inappropriate newsgroups, more misattributed quotes, more followups that really should have been e-mail replies, more excessive cross- and multi-postings, more unreadibly encoded or otherwise maimed articles. This is often blamed on the new users themselves -- they are called "clueless newbies", unqualified to participate in Usenet because they don't know Unix, or use a misdesigned graphical user interface (GUI), or use an off-line news reader, or use a commercial service such as America Online or Delphi. I believe most of this anger is misdirected. The new users aren't really that different from the old-timers. What _is_ different is that many of the old-timers are using relatively well-behaved software, typically `rn' or one of its offspring, while many of the newbies are using `tin', `uqwk', `AOL', or various PC and Mac newsreaders. Unfortunately, these programs frequently violate assumptions that come naturally to people used to well-behaved readers: - The user can see all header fields, including "Newsgroups" and "Followup-To". - The user can edit all header fields when composing a followup. - There's a clear difference between `followup' and `reply'. - Followups preserve the Subject and References of the original article, unless the user explicitly changes them. - News software respects "Followup-To" and "Reply-To" specifications. - What the user writes is what gets posted, as is. Newer software should be an improvement over an ancient program like `rn'. Instead, much of it is crippled or broken in comparison. The Usenet community can deal with this problem by establishing a "Minimally Adequate Net-keeping Seal of Approval" for Usenet reading and posting software. This "Seal" would certify that the software complies with certain minimal standards, such as those listed below. A group of volunteers will test all putative Usenet software to determine whether it qualifies for the "Seal", with the intention to periodically post a list of all tested software to news.software.readers, alt.usenet.offline-reader, and other appropriate newsgroups. This periodic posting will list both compliant and non-compliant news programs; for non-compliant programs, it will include a list of all violations of the standards. The hope is that this will encourage the authors of non-compliant software to bring their programs up to "Minimally Adequate Net-Keeping Seal" standards, eventually. --%-@#@-%-- These are the proposed standards a Usenet news program should meet to deserve the "Minimally Adequate Net-Keeping Seal": 1) Display all essential header information 2) Provide clear, separate commands for new posting, followup, and e-mail reply 3) Provide cross-posting functionality 4) Allow users to change essential headers 5) Ensure followups and e-mail replies contain a correct Subject 6) Direct followups to the correct newsgroups 7) Make sure followups contain valid References 8) Direct e-mail replies to the correct address 9) Allow the user to change her mind about whether to post or mail 10) Provide adequate quotation and attribution facilities 11) Provide a user-specified "Subject: " header 12) Provide a valid "From: " header 13) Allow users to both cancel and supersede their own articles (and _no_ others!) 14) Try to respect the 80-character line-length convention 15) Separate signatures correctly, and don't use excessive ones 16) Try to prevent obvious user errors 17) Post human-readable articles unless ordered otherwise 18) Provide self-protection 19) Be kind to servers, leave room for others These requirements are described in more detail below. In the spirit of RFC 1123 and Henry Spencer's "son of RFC 1036" proposal, I've capitalized the words "MUST", "MUST NOT", and "DO NOT" to indicate absolute requirements, while using the word "SHOULD" for things that are merely a Very Good Idea, Really. --%-@#@-%-- 1) Display all essential header information When displaying a news article, it MUST by default show the user certain information that is found in the article's header. The information need not be displayed as actual RFC-1036 header lines, but it MUST be shown to the user in some form. a) The author of the article (its "From: " header line) b) The article's Subject. At least the first 70 characters following the "Subject: " string MUST be displayed. c) The list of newsgroups the article was posted to. This list MUST be displayed in full, never truncated. This list need not be displayed if it has only one element, provided that the software displays the name of the newsgroup that the user is currently reading. d) The article's Followup-To list, if this is different from the Newsgroups list. This MUST be displayed in full, never truncated. e) The article's Reply-To, if this is different from the From specification. If the required information does not fit fully on the display, the software MAY display only the initial part of the information, provided that it offers the user a scrollbar or equivalent means of viewing the remainder. The software MAY allow the user to re-configure it so as to turn off these displays, but if the user has not done this, all of the required information MUST be displayed. Rationale: Without having to make any special effort the user should see who sent the article she is reading, how to reply to it via e-mail, what discussion groups it was posted to, and whether the author of the message wants to narrow or redirect the location of future discussion. 2) Provide clear, separate commands for new posting, followup, and e-mail reply The software MUST provide separate, clearly distinguished commands to do each of the following: a) Post a new article, unrelated to any existing one, whose Subject is to be supplied by the user, and which has an empty or missing References: header line. b) Post a followup article, with Subject, Newsgroups, and References header lines derived appropriately from the original article. (see #5, #6, and #7 below) c) Reply by e-mail, with "Subject: " and "To: " headers derived appropriately from the original article. (see #5 and #8 below) Software that uses the English language is strongly encouraged to include the phrases "Post to newsgroup", "Followup to newsgroup", and "Reply by e-mail" (or "Reply to sender" or "Reply to author") -- in menus, on-line help, and written documentation. It SHOULD avoid using other verbs such as "Send" or "Respond" whose meaning is not evident to the user. An ordinary, untrained user SHOULD be able to easily pick the correct command. Rationale: Users who post followups when they should send e-mail replies, or vice versa, seem to be an endemic problem. They are almost always using software that doesn't make the difference clear, or doesn't even provide both commands. 3) Provide cross-posting functionality When creating either a new article or a followup, the user MUST be allowed to specify multiple newsgroups, and the software MUST cross-post (not multi-post) to them if more than one is specified. Posting software SHOULD prevent the user from excessive cross-posting, or at least warn against it. If posting to a very large number of groups, the user SHOULD either be forced or strongly suggested to set a "Followup-To" header. Such a header must be subjected to restrictions that are at least as strict as those imposed on "Newsgroups: ". Rationale: Cross-posting is an essential feature of Usenet. If the software cannot cross-post, then its users will multi-post instead. A reasonable attempt should be made, however, to protect the user against (usually inadvertent; if not, often considered net-abuse) excessive cross-postings that will only lead to canceling and flame warfare. 4) Allow users to change essential headers When creating either a new article or a followup, the software MUST allow the user to edit the Subject, Newsgroups, Followup-To, and Reply-To specifications. The user MUST be able to edit these at any time during composition of the article; she MUST NOT be limited to specifying them only before, or after, editing the article's text. The software MUST allow the user to specify a new Subject field of at least 70 characters, not including the string "Subject: " itself. It is better not to impose any limit at all, other than the overall son-of-1036 limit of 998 characters (see #7) per header line. The software MUST allow the user to specify "Followup-To: poster", which tells readers of the article that the user prefers e-mail replies rather than followups to the newsgroup. This does not mean that the software must present raw RFC-1036 headers to the user, or that the headers and body must be an indivisible unit of editable text. A graphical user interface that presents each of these as an editable field in a form will meet the requirement. Rationale: Topics drift as a discussion progresses, and users need the ability to change the Subject header to reflect the drift. Similarly, a user may determine that the discussion no longer belongs in some of the places that it started, or that its continuation needs to go elsewhere. The software must not impede the user's ability to make these judgments, possibly during the composition of her followup article. It's not acceptable to have users who respond to "Please direct followups appropriately" with "I can't; the software won't let me." 5) Ensure followups and e-mail replies contain a correct Subject When creating either a followup article or an e-mail reply, the software MUST create an initial "Subject: " header which a) Prepends the four characters "Re: " to the Subject if and only if "Re: " is not already present. Note that this contains an upper-case "R", a lower-case "e", and a trailing space. DO NOT prepend non-standard prefixes such as "Re^2: " . b) Preserves the *entire* Subject of the original article. DO NOT chop it off at 20 or 25 or even 80 characters. DO NOT append spaces or any other characters to the end. DO NOT change the case of any character in the original Subject; in particular, DO NOT change the Subject to all-upper-case or all-lower-case. (The user may later change the Subject, of course; see #4 above.) Exception: The software MAY try to compensate for other people's broken software by replacing non-standard prefixes (such as "Re^2: ", "Re(2): ", "Re:" (no space), "RE: ", "re: " , or "Re: Re: ") by the standard prefix "Re: ". Rationale: These things should be obvious, but many authors of news software don't seem to understand the relevant sections of RFC 1036. Truncated "Subject: " headers, especially when gratuitous non-ASCII characters are also thrown in, are a major annoyance for users and can make threading difficult or impossible. 6) Direct followups to the correct newsgroups When creating a followup article, the software MUST create an initial header in which the Newsgroups field is initialized to the original article's Followup-To, if one was provided, or Newsgroups, if it wasn't. (The user may later change this field, of course; see #4 above.) If the original article's "Followup-To: " header is set to "poster", the software MUST warn the user that the original poster requested an e-mail reply, and generate an e-mail reply by default. Rationale: This is basic RFC 1036 compliance. Software that fails to meet this requirement makes its users look at best foolish or incompetent, and at worst willfully unresponsive to the wishes of other Usenet users. 7) Make sure followups contain valid References When creating a followup, the software MUST create a "References: " header line that contains, as its last element, the Message-ID of the original article. An individual Message-ID MUST never be truncated. The software SHOULD include at least three additional Message-IDs from the original article's References header as well, if they are available. Try to stay as close as possible to the spirit of "son-of-1036", which states: <<Followup agents SHOULD not shorten References headers. If it is absolutely necessary to shorten the header, as a des- perate last resort, a followup agent MAY do this by deleting some of the message IDs. However, it MUST not delete the first message ID, the last three message IDs (including that of the immediate precursor), or any message ID mentioned in the body of the followup.>> However, it also says: <<If it is absolutely necessary for an implementation to impose a limit on the length of header lines, body lines, or header logical lines, that limit shall be at least 1000 octets, including EOL representations.>> So, keep in mind that news transports are not guaranteed to be able to handle arbitrary long lines. Furthermore, keep in mind that some news transports choke on continued (multi-line) "References: " headers. Therefore, keep as many Message-IDs as will fit in under 998 characters, unwrapped. (An octet is a byte of 8 bits, EOL representation costs two.) Exception: Damaged (truncated) Message-IDs SHOULD NOT be included. Neither should `bogus' Message-IDs -- IDs that somehow got inserted (by a misguided user, maybe) but don't belong to the thread. Rationale: Threaded news-readers depend on References to do their magic. This too is basic RFC compliance. Be as complete as the line length limit allows, but do not propagate errors. 8) Direct e-mail replies to the correct address When creating an e-mail reply, the software MUST create an initial header in which the "To: " header is initialized to the original article's Reply-to, if one was provided, or From if it wasn't. (The user may later change this field, of course; see #4 above.) Rationale: See #6 above. 9) Allow the user to change her mind about whether to post or mail With any followup or reply message, the software MUST offer the user the option to change her mind about whether to post or to mail, and may allow doing both. If the software has the option to post as well as mail a single response, that option MUST NOT be default behavior, neither by factory default nor by user-configuration. Furthermore, when both posting and mailing a message, the mailed message's body SHOULD be preceded by a line clearly stating that the message is an email copy of a usenet posting. Rationale: People digress when writing, and may find themselves posting a message that would have been more appropriate for private communication, or mailing a message that would have been more appropriately directed to the general audience. Unsolicited mail messages are highly unwanted by many users (had they wanted e-mail replies, they could, should and, for all a reader can assume would, have requested them). 10) Provide adequate quotation and attribution facilities When the users requests a followup or an e-mail reply, the software MUST provide some method for including quoted text from the original article. This quoted text MUST be clearly set off in some way -- either by indenting it, or by prepending each line with one or more identifiable characters. The quote prefix SHOULD start with `>'. Included text SHOULD NOT contain the original article's signature, if it can -- i.e. if it can tell which part is the signature, because the signature was clearly separated by the standard signature delimiter. (see also #15 below). If this is a followup (as opposed to an e-mail reply), the quoted text MUST be preceded by an "attribution line" identifying the author of the text that is being quoted, and preferably also the Message-ID of the article containing that text. (The user may decide to delete this attribution line or to configure it away, but it MUST be there by default.) Rationale: The ability to easily quote text is essential for users who want to provide a proper context for their followups and e-mail replies. Software that provides attribution lines without quoting ability, or that fails to distinctively set off quoted text from original text, is a major cause of "I didn't say that!" misunderstandings. By convention, quoted lines start with `>', and much software depends on this do distinguish quoted material from original lines, for presentation purposes. 11) Provide a user-specified "Subject: " header When creating a new article, the software MUST require the user to provide a non-empty Subject. It MUST NOT post an article without a "Subject: " header or with an empty "Subject: " header. It MUST NOT silently add a default Subject (like "Subject: <None>") if the user didn't specify one. It MUST allow the user to change the Subject at any time while editing the main text of the article (see #4 above). Rationale: An article without a Subject provides no clues for deciding to read it or not. For that reason, it's likely to be widely ignored, and it's no service to the user to allow posting of such an article; while other readers may read it, only to find out they needn't have bothered when it annoyingly turns out to be of no interest. 12) Provide a valid "From: " header When creating either a new article or a followup, the software MUST initialize the "From: " header to a syntactically valid e-mail address, which includes a fully-qualified domain name (FQDN). This requirement must be met regardless of whether the software (a) creates the "From: " header when it first creates the article to be edited by the user, or (b) adds the "From: " header automatically after the user finishes editing the article and requests that it be submitted. If the software allows the user to edit the "From: " header, it SHOULD check that the user supplied a syntactically valid address. If the software is unable to create such an address -- maybe because it was built with incorrect configuration parameters, or some essential parameter is unavailable at runtime -- then it MUST NOT allow posting at all, unless it can obtain a syntactically valid e-mail address from the user. If feasible, the software SHOULD try to guarantee that this address actually belongs to the person using the software, and actually accepts e-mail. Rationale: Mail and news transport systems and user agents, gateways and processing software may choke on syntactically invalid headers. Invalid e-mail addresses make e-mail replies impossible; see Greg Byshank's "Help! I've been spammed!" document for an excellent discussion of the issues involved. 13) Allow users to both cancel and supersede their own articles (and _no_ others!) Any software that posts news SHOULD provide a command that the user can invoke to cancel her own articles. It SHOULD also provide the option to supersede own articles. The software MUST guarantee that the user cannot cancel or supersede other people's articles, as far as possible. Caveat: since completely reliable authentication can be infeasible, the best the software can do is to make a good-faith effort to determine whether or not cancelling or superseding is valid: i.e. by trusting upon its user configuration and checking it against the relevant header(s) in the target article. If the software uses the English language, the text of the cancel command SHOULD include the word "cancel", rather than non-standard verbs such as "delete". Similarly, in English software, the text of the supersede command SHOULD include the word "supersede". Rationale: People make mistakes and need the ability to revoke or correct them; both `cancel' and `supersede' exist for good reasons. However, software should not encourage users to abuse the net, either intentionally or accidentally, by sending unauthorized (`rogue') cancels or supersedes. The supersede option is essential: due (a.o.) to sometimes unpredictable usenet propagation, a "cancel-cum-repost" may behave very different from a "supersede". News servers might also have different acceptance policies for both. 14) Try to respect the 80-character line-length convention Any line breaks shown to the user while she is editing her article SHOULD still be present when the article is actually posted to the Net. The software SHOULD NOT show the user four 75-character lines while actually posting a single 300-character line. Nor should it show the user a series of 100-character lines while actually posting alternating lines of 80 and 20 characters each. It's also a good idea to warn the user if the article she is about to post contains non-header lines longer than 80 characters. The software SHOULD NOT prevent the posting, but SHOULD ask whether the user wants to re-edit or post anyway. Caveat: Occasionally, there are very good reasons for posing long lines (for example, when posting a source code snippet containing something that will break when wrapped, or when there's a need to post something "as is", unreformatted -- unaltered and completely intact). For that reason (re)wrapping cannot be a MUST: a SHOULD is all it can be. To get well-readable articles, the user SHOULD be provided with the possibility to rewrap excessively long lines of quoted text, respecting quotation -- i.e. have the option to correct `inherited' bad formatting. Also, tabs SHOULD be expanded to prevent the so-called `tab damage' that may occur when someone reading your article uses a different tab size. Caveat: Due to the immense variety in quoting styles, quoted text reformatting can be extremely hard, practically impossible even. No software can be expected to deal with everything; still, since the overwhelming majority can be dealt relatively easily, it is not unreasonable to expect it from software, if it is to be well-equipped for the task of editing Usenet articles. If the news software uses an external editor, the default editor SHOULD conform to the above. Rationale: Articles with long lines are unreadable to many users. Articles with alternating 80/20 lines aren't any better. 15) Separate signatures correctly, and don't use excessive ones Posting software SHOULD separate any signature appended to outgoing articles from the main text with a line containing only `-- ' ("dash dash space"). To quote son-of-rfc1036: <<If a poster or posting agent does append a signature to an article, the signature SHOULD be preceded with a delimiter line containing (only) two hyphens (ASCII 45) followed by one blank (ASCII 32). Posting agents SHOULD limit the length of signatures, since verbose excess bordering on abuse is common if no restraint is imposed; 4 lines is a common limit.>> Hence, posting software MUST prevent the user from using excessively long signatures, or at least warn the user against it. A widely accepted standard is the so-called McQuary limit: up to 4 lines, each up to a maximum of 80 characters. Rationale: Being confronted with (possibly excessively long) signatures repetitively is, or can be, annoying to many. Being able to separate the main text and the signature clearly is important, not only to prevent the possible mistake of misinterpreting a signature, but also to enable automatic signature suppression for those who wish to do so. 16) Try to prevent obvious user errors * Posting software MUST warn the user for posting empty articles, and SHOULD prevent doing so entirely. * Posting software MUST warn the user about posting articles consisting entirely of quoted text, and SHOULD prevent doing so entirely. * Posting software MUST warn the user severely when attempting to post an article over and over again, and SHOULD do everything it can to prevent doing so entirely. - When posting `asynchronously' (i.e. when sacrificing knowledge about progress, success or failure by handing over the task completely to some separate process) it SHOULD NOT allow the user to post articles again, once the user issued the final "post" command. - When posting `synchronously', the software has at least partial knowledge about progress, and full knowledge about success or failure of an attempt to post. In this case, it SHOULD inform the user clearly that the article is being posted while attempting to post it; after the attempt, it MUST unequivocally inform the user that posting succeeded if it did, and that it failed otherwise. Note: So-called `online' newsreaders usually (but not necessarily) post synchronously, while a number so-called `offline' newsreading methods (especially the scheduled, batch-oriented ones) usually employ asynchronous posting. However, offline newsreaders using NNTP for news transport usually post synchronously, i.e. are in direct interaction with the newsserver, hence get immediate results, when posting. Rationale: Users who do any of these things almost never do them on purpose. They are usually confused by unfamiliar new software, and should be offered basic protection. 17) Post human-readable articles unless ordered otherwise Posting software MUST by default post only legible usenet articles. In a different formulation: it MUST NOT encode or encrypt articles, unless by explicit user demand. Hence, it MUST NOT even have the option to encode or encrypt by default. Whenever some encoding/encryption will be used, clear feedback showing that it's in effect MUST be provided to the user, so she is permanently reminded of the fact that her article will not be posted as composed. The worst DO NOT is the combination of allowing default encoding without even taking the trouble of telling (warning) the user about it. Note: Common occurrences of this kind of content maiming unasked for, and untold to, the user, are HTML- and MIME multi-part and/or base64 encodings, as found in newsreaders integrated in WWW-browsers better not mentioned. Rationale: Many users may not be able to read (particular) encoded or encrypted articles at all, or only at the expense of a considerable effort: such articles ask to be widely ignored. Encouraging posting maimed messages is a service neither to the user herself, nor to her audience. Keep in mind that not everyone shares your particular setup (newsreader, configuration, operating system), nor should (and can) anyone be forced to do so, in order to be able to read your articles. 18) Provide self-protection News readers SHOULD allow the user to protect herself by filtering out articles she really does not want to read. These filtering facilities SHOULD be sufficiently powerful to enable ignoring postings by particular persons, about particular subjects, and particular cross-posts. Rationale: While it looks as if not having filtering only affects the user herself, people tend to take it out on the net if they are repetitively (structurally) annoyed by a particular class of postings, and will be inclined to start canceling, advocate posting restriction or engage in flame warfare, all of which is harmful to other users. 19) Be kind to servers, leave room for others Reading or posting software MUST NOT put excessive demands on news server unnecessarily. Spurious connects and unnecessary traffic MUST be avoided. Rationale: News systems are big, resources are scarce, and every resource claimed is provided at the expense of other users. --%-@#@-%-- Please remember that this is a set of _minimum_ guidelines to guarantee that a given piece of software interacts properly with the rest of the Usenet world. It is not a general "wish list" of everyone's favorite features. I have deliberately avoided taking a position on certain controversial issues -- for example, whether the user should be allowed to edit the "Sender: " header, whether news software should prohibit posting an article that has more quoted text than new text, or whether posting with certain particular Subjects should be prohibited. My hope is that a voluntary committee can be formed, respected by many people on the Net, that reviews Usenet software and decides whether it deserves the "Minimally Adequate Net-Keeping Seal of Approval." People who use broken software that does not have the Seal should then be strongly encouraged to switch to software that does. References and additional reading ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ MANKSA, an evaluation form and an archive of software evaluations can be found at: <http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Ejs/manksa/> <http://http.bsd.uchicago.edu/%7Etwpierce/news/> (GNKSA) The MANKSA page also contains a pointer to a library that newsreader developers can freely make use of, providing basic `sanitary' functions. In addition to the Seal, anyone writing Usenet software should pay careful attention to the following documents: RFC 977, "Network News Transfer Protocol -- A Proposed Standard for the Stream-Based Transmission of News", by Brian Kantor and Phil Lapsley. <ftp://ftp.internic.net/rfc/rfc977.txt> RFC 1036, "Standard for Interchange of USENET Messages", by M. Horton and R. Adams. <ftp://ftp.internic.net/rfc/rfc1036.txt> The proposed "Son of 1036", "News Article Format and Transmission", by Henry Spencer. <ftp://ftp.zoo.toronto.edu/pub/news.txt.Z> (also news.ps.Z) "The UseFor Working Group Documents" (under development: Internet Drafts describing the minimal standards for a Usenet article, and the minimum features all Usenet software should have), by Simon Lyall (et al.). <http://www.landfield.com/usefor/> "Read This Before You Write a Newsreader, News Transport System, etc.", by Tom Limoncelli. <http://http.bsd.uchicago.edu/%7Etwpierce/news/newsreader-manifesto.htm l> "The "Good Net-Keeping Seal of Approval", by Ron Newman; the document this document leans heavily upon. <http://www2.thecia.net/users/rnewman/Good-Netkeeping-Seal> Excellent collections of things well worth reading in this context can be found at: "News Hacking", by Tim Pierce. <http://http.bsd.uchicago.edu/%7Etwpierce/news/> "Notes on News", by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen. <http://www.ifi.uio.no/%7Elarsi/notes/notes.html> A very informative overview of the issues concerning some forms of net abuse, and how and how not to deal with it, is: "Help! I've been Spammed! What do I do?", by Greg Byshenk, based in part on an original by Chris Lewis, Posted weekly to news.answers, news.newusers.questions, and news.admin.net-abuse.misc. <http://www.tezcat.com/%7Egbyshenk/ive.been.spammed.html> The part that explicitly deals with the issues of messing up "From: "-headers is: <http://www.tezcat.com/%7Egbyshenk/ive.been.spammed.html#2.3> Of related interest -- if you're willing to contribute, or are just interested in the way things are developing -- could also be the IETF NNTP Working Group's "attempt to revise NNTP and bring it into the 1990s". <http://www.academ.com/academ/nntp/ietf.html> Acknowledgements ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Simon Lyall c.s., for the praiseworthy UseFor (Usenet Article Standard Update) Working Group initiative (and its derivatives). Ron Newman <rnewman@theCIA.net>, of course, for writing the GNKSA. Sven Guckes <guckes@math.fu-berlin.de> for providing mailing list resources (among other things). Tim Pierce <twpierce@midway.uchicago.edu> for scrutinous examination, useful hints, and previous GNKSA support. Larry Wall <lwall@netlabs.com>, Stefan Kurth <stk@berlin.snafu.de>, John E. Davis <davis@space.mit.edu>, Karl-Johan Johnsson <su95-kjo@nada.kth.se> for showing inspiring examples of the spirit of good net keeping in the form of well-designed usenet reading programs. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: 2.6.3i Charset: noconv iQCVAwUBNB1EGShIY6bIQPMpAQF1YgQAxS4h4hB3ktaK1P/q7xy7gIt8bfMRgqnz mMacLRt2wgpjwLKTmmMbe18wFhfi1H3tUHG1Y5B6q9y2D6ZBf4UYXoqqq4EHOz5g 8zg1SWm0IOt9v3whwf+8e2wV36Bq9JZLSAyy0/s5EIsg4bdVfgKKPYXnXdJVWzoN u34pu/AkfYU= =Hw3R -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----